The characters combine logically: 成语 (chéngyǔ) means “established/accomplished phrases,” referring to the fixed, classical nature of these idioms. 词典 (cídiǎn) means “dictionary of words/terms.” Therefore, 成语词典 (chéngyǔ cídiǎn) literally means an “Established Phrase Dictionary” or, more naturally, an “Idiom Dictionary.”
In China, proficiency with 成语 (chéngyǔ) is a hallmark of education and refinement. These idioms are not just linguistic fossils; they are actively used in literature, journalism, formal speeches, and even daily conversation to convey complex ideas elegantly and efficiently. A 成语词典 is thus a foundational tool for cultural literacy, much like a dictionary of Shakespearean phrases or classical allusions would be for an English literature student. Chinese children begin learning chengyu in primary school, and a physical 成语词典 is a common household item. To compare, an English “idiom dictionary” is a useful but somewhat niche reference. A 成语词典, however, is central to mastering formal and written Chinese. It's a gateway to understanding the values, history, and collective wisdom embedded in the language. Consulting one isn't just about finding a definition; it's about learning the 典故 (diǎngù), or the origin story, which is the key to using the idiom correctly and appreciating its full weight.
While physical books are still used, the function of the 成语词典 has largely moved to digital platforms.
The term itself is neutral and formal. It simply names the reference tool.