送礼

sòng lǐ: 送礼 - Giving a Gift, Presenting a Gift

Quick Summary

  • Keywords: song li, 送礼, giving gifts in China, Chinese gift-giving, gift etiquette in China, presenting a gift, what gifts to give in China, sòng lǐ culture, guanxi, business gifts China
  • Summary: 送礼 (sòng lǐ) is the essential Chinese practice of giving a gift. More than a simple transaction, it is a deeply ingrained social ritual central to building and maintaining relationships (关系, guānxi), showing respect, and navigating social and business life. Understanding the art of 送礼 is crucial for anyone wishing to engage with Chinese culture, as it involves complex etiquette regarding what to give, when to give, and how to present and receive gifts properly.

Core Meaning

  • Pinyin (with tone marks): sòng lǐ
  • Part of Speech: Verb-Object Phrase (often functions as a single verb)
  • HSK Level: HSK 4
  • Concise Definition: To give a gift; to present a present.
  • In a Nutshell: 送礼 is the action of gift-giving, but it carries a weight far beyond the object being exchanged. It's a fundamental part of Chinese social grammar, a way to express gratitude, respect, or a desire for a closer relationship. The act itself, and the thought behind it, are often more important than the monetary value of the gift.

Character Breakdown

  • 送 (sòng): This character means “to send,” “to deliver,” or “to give as a present.” It depicts a person (on the right) walking and something being presented (on the left), capturing the idea of movement and delivery.
  • 礼 (lǐ): This character means “gift,” “present,” or “rite/ceremony.” It's a cornerstone of Confucian philosophy, representing propriety, social order, and courtesy. It shows a ritual vessel (示) used in a ceremony, signifying a formal and respectful act.
  • Together, 送礼 (sòng lǐ) literally means “to send a gift” or “to present a rite.” This combination perfectly describes the action as not just a simple handover, but a respectful and socially significant gesture.

Cultural Context and Significance

  • 送礼 is a cornerstone of Chinese social fabric, deeply intertwined with the concepts of 关系 (guānxi) and 人情 (rénqíng). While Western gift-giving is often tied to specific holidays (like Christmas or birthdays) and is primarily an expression of personal affection, 送礼 in China serves a broader, more strategic purpose. It is a tool for relationship management.
  • Comparison to Western “Networking”: One might compare building `关系` through 送礼 to “networking” in the West, but it's much deeper. Western networking is often transactional and professional. 送礼, however, builds a long-term bond of mutual obligation and reciprocity (`人情`). When you give a gift, you create a social “credit” and a silent understanding that the favor may be returned one day. This is not seen as cynical but as the natural way to build trust and a reliable social support system.
  • Key Values: The practice reflects core cultural values:
    • Harmony (和谐, héxié): Giving appropriate gifts smooths social interactions and prevents potential friction.
    • Respect (尊敬, zūnjìng): It is a primary way to show respect to elders, teachers, superiors, and hosts.
    • Face (面子, miànzi): Giving a thoughtful, well-presented gift gives “face” to both the giver and the receiver. A cheap or inappropriate gift can cause both parties to lose face.

Practical Usage in Modern China

  • Social Occasions:
    • Visiting a Home: It is considered rude to arrive empty-handed. A simple gift of fruit, tea, snacks, or a local specialty (土特产, tǔtèchǎn) from your hometown is standard.
    • Holidays: During festivals like the Spring Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival, gifts of mooncakes, alcohol, or special food items are exchanged among family, friends, and colleagues.
    • Weddings & Births: Monetary gifts in a 红包 (hóngbāo) are the norm. The amount given is carefully considered based on your relationship with the person.
  • Business Context:
    • In business, 送礼 is used to establish and nurture client relationships. These gifts are typically not lavish but are high-quality, such as fine tea, good-quality pens, or company-branded items.
    • There is a fine line between appropriate gift-giving and bribery (贿赂, huìlù). In formal government or corporate settings, there are often strict rules against accepting gifts to avoid corruption.
  • Digital Era:
    • The tradition has evolved with technology. Sending digital 红包 (hóngbāo) via WeChat Pay or Alipay is now an extremely common way to 送礼 for birthdays, holidays, or simply as a fun social gesture among friends.

Example Sentences

  • Example 1:
    • 中国人过年的时候，有互相送礼的习惯。
    • Pinyin: Zhōngguó rén guònián de shíhòu, yǒu hùxiāng sòng lǐ de xíguàn.
    • English: When Chinese people celebrate the New Year, they have a custom of giving gifts to each other.
    • Analysis: This sentence describes 送礼 as a cultural custom (习惯, xíguàn) associated with a specific event, the Spring Festival.
  • Example 2:
    • 去朋友家做客，你总得带点儿东西，这是基本的送礼礼节。
    • Pinyin: Qù péngyǒu jiā zuòkè, nǐ zǒngděi dài diǎnr dōngxi, zhè shì jīběn de sòng lǐ lǐjié.
    • English: When you're a guest at a friend's house, you always have to bring something. This is basic gift-giving etiquette.
    • Analysis: This highlights the practical application of 送礼 in daily social life and links it directly to etiquette (礼节, lǐjié).
  • Example 3:
    • 我不知道该给他送什么礼，他好像什么都不缺。
    • Pinyin: Wǒ bù zhīdào gāi gěi tā sòng shénme lǐ, tā hǎoxiàng shénme dōu bù quē.
    • English: I don't know what gift to give him; it seems like he isn't lacking anything.
    • Analysis: This shows how 送礼 can be a verb-object phrase that can be separated. The focus here is on the challenge of choosing an appropriate gift (礼物, lǐwù).
  • Example 4:
    • 在中国做生意，学会怎么送礼是一门很重要的学问。
    • Pinyin: Zài Zhōngguó zuò shēngyì, xuéhuì zěnme sòng lǐ shì yī mén hěn zhòngyào de xuéwèn.
    • English: When doing business in China, learning how to give gifts is a very important skill.
    • Analysis: This sentence frames 送礼 as a “skill” or a complex field of study (学问, xuéwèn), especially in a business context.
  • Example 5:
    • 这次你帮了我这么大的忙，我一定要好好给你送礼表示感谢。
    • Pinyin: Zhè cì nǐ bāngle wǒ zhème dà de máng, wǒ yīdìng yào hǎohǎo gěi nǐ sòng lǐ biǎoshì gǎnxiè.
    • English: You helped me so much this time, I must give you a good gift to express my gratitude.
    • Analysis: Here, 送礼 is explicitly linked to expressing thanks (表示感谢, biǎoshì gǎnxiè) and reciprocating a favor.
  • Example 6:
    • 给老师送礼要小心，太贵重的礼物老师是不会收的。
    • Pinyin: Gěi lǎoshī sòng lǐ yào xiǎoxīn, tài guìzhòng de lǐwù lǎoshī shì bù huì shōu de.
    • English: You have to be careful when giving a gift to a teacher; they won't accept a gift that's too expensive.
    • Analysis: This illustrates a specific social scenario and the nuance involved. A gift that is too valuable (贵重, guìzhòng) can create pressure or be seen as inappropriate, bordering on a bribe.
  • Example 7:
    • 经理拒绝了客户的送礼，因为这违反了公司规定。
    • Pinyin: Jīnglǐ jùjuéle kèhù de sòng lǐ, yīnwèi zhè wéifǎnle gōngsī guīdìng.
    • English: The manager refused the client's gift because it violated company policy.
    • Analysis: This example provides a formal, negative context, showing the boundary between appropriate 送礼 and unethical or prohibited acts.
  • Example 8:
    • 现在很多年轻人喜欢在网上送礼，比如送一个游戏皮肤或者发个红包。
    • Pinyin: Xiànzài hěnduō niánqīng rén xǐhuān zài wǎngshàng sòng lǐ, bǐrú sòng yīgè yóuxì pífū huòzhě fā gè hóngbāo.
    • English: Many young people now like to give gifts online, for example, sending a game skin or a red envelope.
    • Analysis: This shows the modern evolution of the concept, adapting to digital life with virtual gifts.
  • Example 9:
    • 他送礼总是送到人的心坎里，每次都选得特别合适。
    • Pinyin: Tā sòng lǐ zǒngshì sòng dào rén de xīnkǎnlǐ, měi cì dōu xuǎn dé tèbié héshì.
    • English: He always gives the perfect gift (lit: gives a gift that reaches one's heart); he always chooses something especially suitable.
    • Analysis: This sentence praises someone's skill at 送礼, emphasizing that the thoughtfulness and suitability (合适, héshì) of the gift are highly valued.
  • Example 10:
    • 虽然我们关系很好，但是没必要为了小事就送礼，太客气了。
    • Pinyin: Suīrán wǒmen guānxì hěn hǎo, dànshì méi bìyào wèile xiǎoshì jiù sòng lǐ, tài kèqìle.
    • English: Although we have a good relationship, there's no need to give gifts for small matters, that's too formal/polite.
    • Analysis: This shows the other side of the coin: among close friends, excessive or unnecessary 送礼 can create distance and feel overly formal (太客气了, tài kèqìle).

Nuances and Common Mistakes

  • The “Gift-Giving Dance”: A common mistake for foreigners is to have their gift accepted immediately. In Chinese culture, it's polite for the receiver to refuse a gift two or three times to show they are not greedy and that they value the relationship more than the gift. The giver is expected to insist. Politely say something like “这是我的一点儿心意 (zhè shì wǒ de yīdiǎnr xīnyì - It's just a small token of my appreciation).”
  • Gift Taboos (禁忌, jìnjì): Certain gifts are culturally inappropriate due to wordplay or symbolism.
    • Clocks (钟, zhōng): “Giving a clock” (送钟, sòng zhōng) sounds identical to “attending a funeral” (送终, sòng zhōng). Never give a clock as a gift.
    • Umbrellas (伞, sǎn): Sounds like “to break up” or “to scatter” (散, sàn). Giving one can imply you want to end the relationship.
    • Sharp Objects (knives, scissors): Symbolize cutting off a relationship.
    • Green Hats: Giving a man a green hat implies his wife is cheating on him.
    • Number 4: Avoid giving things in sets of four, as 四 (sì) sounds like 死 (sǐ), meaning “death.”
  • Presentation Matters: Gifts should be well-wrapped, preferably in red, gold, or pink paper. Avoid black and white wrapping paper, as these are associated with funerals. When presenting the gift, always use two hands to show respect.

Related Terms and Concepts

  • 礼物 (lǐwù) - The noun for “gift” or “present.” 送礼 is the action, 礼物 is the object.
  • 红包 (hóngbāo) - Red envelope used to give money as a gift, especially during holidays and for special occasions.
  • 关系 (guānxi) - The network of social connections and relationships that 送礼 is essential for building and maintaining.
  • 人情 (rénqíng) - The underlying currency of social capital; a favor or a feeling of indebtedness that must be repaid, often through 送礼.
  • 面子 (miànzi) - “Face” or social prestige. Appropriate gift-giving gives face to both the giver and receiver.
  • 礼节 (lǐjié) - Etiquette or protocol. 送礼 has its own complex set of 礼节.
  • 土特产 (tǔtèchǎn) - Local specialty products. A very common and well-received type of gift when visiting from another region.
  • 贿赂 (huìlù) - To bribe. This is the negative, illegal extreme of gift-giving, where the intention is to corruptly influence someone.