In Chinese culture, sincerity (真诚 - zhēnchéng) and integrity are highly valued virtues. 谄媚 is seen as the polar opposite of these values. It is considered a contemptible behavior, a sign of a weak and opportunistic character, often associated with the concept of a 小人 (xiǎorén), a “small” or petty person. A Western learner might confuse 谄媚 with “networking” or “building a good rapport with your boss.” The key difference lies in sincerity. Networking can involve genuine compliments and relationship-building. 谄媚, however, is defined by its insincerity and self-serving motive. While complimenting a superior is normal, doing so excessively, dishonestly, and with an obvious agenda crosses the line into 谄媚. This behavior is universally looked down upon, even if it is sometimes practiced in hierarchical environments like traditional companies or government offices as a way to get ahead. It is the “dark side” of showing respect for authority.
谄媚 is a strong, judgmental word used almost exclusively in a negative context. You use it to describe or accuse someone else of this behavior, or perhaps to mockingly describe your own actions.