When combined, `计划 (jìhuà)` literally means “to calculate and draw out.” This perfectly captures the essence of creating a structured, detailed plan by figuring out the components and marking out the course of action.
In China, the concept of `计划` carries significant weight, often associated with foresight, seriousness, and large-scale organization. This is heavily influenced by the government's famous “Five-Year Plans” (五年计划, Wǔnián Jìhuà), which are comprehensive national strategies for economic and social development. This top-down, long-term planning approach permeates many aspects of life. For an English speaker, the word “plan” can be very casual (“What's the plan for tonight?”). In Chinese, using `计划` for such a spontaneous question would sound overly formal and a bit strange. A Chinese speaker would more likely use `打算 (dǎsuàn)` or `安排 (ānpái)`. `计划` implies a level of commitment and seriousness. When a Chinese company presents its `工作计划 (gōngzuò jìhuà)` (work plan), it's not just a list of ideas; it's a documented, approved strategy. Similarly, a personal `学习计划 (xuéxí jìhuà)` (study plan) suggests a structured schedule with clear goals, not just a vague intention to study more. This reflects a cultural value placed on preparation, strategy, and seeing things through.
`计划` is used in both formal and semi-formal contexts when referring to a thought-out plan.
The connotation is generally neutral but implies competence and foresight. A person who is good at making `计划` is seen as organized and reliable.
The most common point of confusion for learners is the difference between `计划 (jìhuà)` and `打算 (dǎsuàn)`.
Common Mistake:
Think of it this way: You have a `打算` to go on vacation, but the detailed itinerary with flights and hotel bookings is your `计划`.