The idiom `自相矛盾` comes from a famous story in the classic text Han Feizi (《韩非子》), written by the Legalist philosopher Han Fei during the 3rd century BCE. The story goes:
A man from the state of Chu was selling weapons. He held up a shield and boasted, “My shields are so sturdy that nothing can pierce them!” (吾盾之坚，物莫能陷也).
He then held up a spear and boasted, “My spears are so sharp that there is nothing they cannot pierce!” (吾矛之利，于物无不陷也).
A bystander asked him, “What would happen if I were to use your spear to pierce your shield?” (以子之矛，陷子之盾，何如?).
The seller was unable to answer.
This story is a cornerstone of teaching basic logic and rhetoric in China. It's as well-known as “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” in the West. Its significance lies in its simplicity and power to illustrate a fundamental logical fallacy. Comparison to Western Culture: The closest Western concept is the “irresistible force paradox” (what happens when an unstoppable force meets an immovable object?). However, `自相矛盾` is far more practical and less philosophical in its everyday use. While Westerners might say “that's a logical fallacy” or “your argument is contradictory” in a formal debate, Chinese speakers use `自相矛盾` in casual conversations, business meetings, and even when teasing friends. It's a common tool to call out inconsistency on the spot, reflecting a cultural appreciation for clear, logical expression.
`自相矛盾` is a versatile and common idiom used to critique inconsistency.
Connotation: The term is inherently negative, as it points out a flaw. It can range from a gentle observation to a sharp criticism depending on the tone of voice and context.