jīngzhǔn fúpín: 精准扶贫 - Targeted Poverty Alleviation, Precise Poverty Relief

• Keywords: jingzhun fupin, 精准扶贫, Targeted Poverty Alleviation, Precise Poverty Relief, China poverty reduction, Xi Jinping policy, Chinese government programs, poverty in China, what is jingzhun fupin.
• Summary: 精准扶贫 (jīngzhǔn fúpín) is the landmark Chinese government policy of “Targeted Poverty Alleviation” or “Precise Poverty Relief.” Launched under Xi Jinping, this initiative moved away from broad, one-size-fits-all aid to a highly data-driven approach, identifying individual impoverished households and tailoring specific solutions—like job training, relocation, or healthcare support—to their unique circumstances. This policy has been central to China's declared success in eradicating absolute poverty and is a key concept for understanding modern Chinese governance and social development.

• Pinyin (with tone marks): jīngzhǔn fúpín
• Part of Speech: Noun Phrase / Policy Name
• HSK Level: N/A
• Concise Definition: A state-led poverty reduction strategy that focuses on providing customized, precise support to individual households.
• In a Nutshell: Imagine poverty isn't a single disease, but a collection of different illnesses. Instead of giving everyone the same general medicine, 精准扶贫 (jīngzhǔn fúpín) acts like a doctor. It first diagnoses the specific reason a family is poor (e.g., lack of education, a family member's illness, geographic isolation). Then, it prescribes a precise “cure” for that specific family, such as providing vocational training, subsidized healthcare, or even helping them relocate to an area with more opportunities. It's a systematic, top-down, and highly specific approach to fighting poverty.

• 精 (jīng): Precise, refined, essence. Think of something done with great skill and focus, like a finely crafted watch (精确, jīngquè - accurate).
• 准 (zhǔn): Accurate, standard, to target. Think of aiming an arrow and hitting the bullseye (瞄准, miáozhǔn - to aim).
• 扶 (fú): To support, to help someone up. The character contains the “hand” radical (扌), visually representing lending a hand to help.
• 贫 (pín): Poor, poverty. The character is composed of 分 (fēn - to divide) over 贝 (bèi - shell/money). It suggests a situation where one's resources or money are divided and scarce.

When combined, 精准 (jīngzhǔn) means “precise and targeted,” and 扶贫 (fúpín) means “to support the poor.” Together, 精准扶贫 (jīngzhǔn fúpín) literally translates to “Precise Support for the Poor,” a perfect description of the policy's intent.

• A Cornerstone of the “China Dream”: 精准扶贫 (jīngzhǔn fúpín) is not just a social program; it's a political centerpiece of the Xi Jinping era. The complete eradication of absolute poverty was presented as a historic achievement and a fulfillment of the Communist Party's promise to the people, integral to realizing the “Chinese Dream” (中国梦, Zhōngguó mèng). The success of this policy is a major source of national pride and a demonstration of the power of the Chinese state-led model.
• Comparison to Western “Welfare”: While the goal of helping the poor is universal, 精准扶贫 differs significantly from the concept of “welfare” in many Western countries.
  • Welfare is often an entitlement-based safety net. If you meet certain criteria (e.g., unemployment, disability), you receive standardized benefits. It's designed to provide a minimum standard of living.
  • 精准扶贫 is a proactive, case-management system. It's not about sustaining the poor, but about actively intervening to permanently lift them out of a state of poverty. It involves sending officials (第一书记, dìyī shūjì) to live in villages, create detailed files on every poor family, and implement tailored solutions with the goal of making them self-sufficient. The level of state mobilization and micro-management is far greater than in typical Western welfare systems.
• Related Values: The policy reflects deep-seated Chinese values such as collectivism (mobilizing the entire nation for a single goal), pragmatism (a focus on tangible results), and a belief in a strong, paternalistic state that has the responsibility to guide economic and social development.

• Formal and Official: This term is overwhelmingly used in formal and official contexts. You will see and hear it constantly in:
  • Government Documents: Reports, policy papers, and official announcements.
  • News Media: Especially on state-run outlets like CCTV, Xinhua, and People's Daily.
  • Speeches by Officials: From the national level down to the village level.
  • Academic Research: In papers on sociology, economics, and public policy in China.
• Connotation: In official usage, the connotation is universally positive. It signifies competence, compassion, and the effectiveness of the government.
• Informal Usage: It is almost never used in casual, everyday conversation unless someone is specifically discussing the government policy. Using it to describe a small, personal act of charity would sound strange and hyperbolic.

• Example 1:
  • 中国政府通过实施精准扶贫政策，帮助了数千万人脱贫。
  • Pinyin: Zhōngguó zhèngfǔ tōngguò shíshī jīngzhǔn fúpín zhèngcè, bāngzhùle shù qiān wàn rén tuōpín.
  • English: The Chinese government helped tens of millions of people escape poverty by implementing the Targeted Poverty Alleviation policy.
  • Analysis: This is a typical, factual statement you would find in a news report or textbook, summarizing the policy's purpose and scale.
• Example 2:
  • 这位干部的任务是到农村去，落实精准扶贫的具体措施。
  • Pinyin: Zhè wèi gànbù de rènwù shì dào nóngcūn qù, luòshí jīngzhǔn fúpín de jùtǐ cuòshī.
  • English: This official's task is to go to the countryside and implement the concrete measures of Targeted Poverty Alleviation.
  • Analysis: This sentence highlights the implementation aspect, showing that real people (干部, gànbù - cadres/officials) are sent to carry out the work.
• Example 3:
  • 精准扶贫的关键在于“精准”，要因地制宜，因户施策。
  • Pinyin: Jīngzhǔn fúpín de guānjiàn zàiyú “jīngzhǔn”, yào yīn dì zhì yí, yīn hù shī cè.
  • English: The key to Targeted Poverty Alleviation lies in “precision”; it requires adapting measures to local conditions and implementing policies household by household.
  • Analysis: This sentence explains the core philosophy of the policy, using two common idioms: 因地制宜 (yīn dì zhì yí - adapt to local conditions) and 因户施策 (yīn hù shī cè - apply policies based on the household).
• Example 4:
  • 通过精准扶贫，他们家不仅盖了新房，孩子也能上大学了。
  • Pinyin: Tōngguò jīngzhǔn fúpín, tāmen jiā bùjǐn gàile xīnfáng, háizi yě néng shàng dàxué le.
  • English: Through Targeted Poverty Alleviation, their family not only built a new house, but their child can also go to college now.
  • Analysis: This shows the direct, positive impact of the policy on a specific family's life.
• Example 5:
  • 识别贫困户是精准扶贫工作的第一步。
  • Pinyin: Shíbié pínkùnhù shì jīngzhǔn fúpín gōngzuò de dì yī bù.
  • English: Identifying impoverished households is the first step in the work of Targeted Poverty Alleviation.
  • Analysis: This focuses on the procedural, data-gathering aspect of the policy.
• Example 6:
  • 发展产业是实现精准扶贫长效机制的重要途径。
  • Pinyin: Fāzhǎn chǎnyè shì shíxiàn jīngzhǔn fúpín chángxiào jīzhì de zhòngyào tújìng.
  • English: Developing local industries is an important way to achieve a long-term mechanism for Targeted Poverty Alleviation.
  • Analysis: This points to the strategy of creating sustainable economic solutions rather than just giving handouts.
• Example 7:
  • 他的博士论文研究的是中国精准扶贫模式的有效性。
  • Pinyin: Tā de bóshì lùnwén yánjiū de shì Zhōngguó jīngzhǔn fúpín móshì de yǒuxiàoxìng.
  • English: His doctoral dissertation researches the effectiveness of China's Targeted Poverty Alleviation model.
  • Analysis: This shows the term used in an academic context.
• Example 8:
  • 精准扶贫为实现全面小康社会奠定了坚实的基础。
  • Pinyin: Jīngzhǔn fúpín wèi shíxiàn quánmiàn xiǎokāng shèhuì diàndìngle jiānshí de jīchǔ.
  • English: Targeted Poverty Alleviation has laid a solid foundation for achieving a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
  • Analysis: This sentence links 精准扶贫 to the broader national goal of 全面小康 (quánmiàn xiǎokāng).
• Example 9:
  • 医疗保险和教育补贴是精准扶贫政策中的两项重要内容。
  • Pinyin: Yīliáo bǎoxiǎn hé jiàoyù bǔtiē shì jīngzhǔn fúpín zhèngcè zhōng de liǎng xiàng zhòngyào nèiróng.
  • English: Medical insurance and educational subsidies are two important components of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation policy.
  • Analysis: This gives concrete examples of the types of “precise” aid provided.
• Example 10:
  • 一些发展中国家希望学习中国精准扶贫的经验。
  • Pinyin: Yīxiē fāzhǎnzhōng guójiā xīwàng xuéxí Zhōngguó jīngzhǔn fúpín de jīngyàn.
  • English: Some developing countries hope to learn from China's experience with Targeted Poverty Alleviation.
  • Analysis: This shows the term used in an international context, highlighting its perceived success.

• Don't Confuse with General Charity: The most common mistake is to use 精准扶贫 to describe any act of helping the poor. It refers specifically to the massive, systematic, state-run policy. It is not interchangeable with “charity” (慈善, císhàn) or “donating money” (捐款, juānkuǎn).
  • Incorrect: 我给了那个无家可归的人一点钱，这是一种精准扶贫。 (Wǒ gěile nàge wújiākěguī de rén yīdiǎn qián, zhè shì yīzhǒng jīngzhǔn fúpín.)
  • Reason: This is a personal act of charity. Using a grand, formal policy name sounds incorrect and almost sarcastic. You would simply say “I helped him a little” (我帮了他一下, Wǒ bāngle tā yīxià).
• It's a Policy, Not Just an Action: Think of it as a proper noun, like “The New Deal” in the US. You wouldn't say “I'm doing a New Deal for my friend.” Similarly, you don't “do” 精准扶贫 for one person; you *implement* the 精准扶贫 *policy*.
• False Friend: “Targeted Aid”: While “Targeted Aid” is a good translation, in English this phrase often refers to aid from NGOs or international bodies. 精准扶贫 is almost exclusively used to describe the domestic policy of the People's Republic of China.

• 扶贫 (fúpín) - The general term for “poverty alleviation.” 精准扶贫 is a specific, modern form of 扶贫.
• 脱贫 (tuōpín) - “To escape poverty.” This is the desired result of 精准扶贫.
• 全面小康 (quánmiàn xiǎokāng) - “A moderately prosperous society in all respects.” A major national goal for which 精准扶贫 was a prerequisite.
• 共同富裕 (gòngtóng fùyù) - “Common prosperity.” The major national policy goal that follows the eradication of absolute poverty.
• 乡村振兴 (xiāngcūn zhènxīng) - “Rural revitalization.” The long-term development strategy for rural areas, building on the success of 精准扶贫.
• 贫困户 (pínkùnhù) - “Impoverished household.” The specific unit or family identified as the target of 精准扶贫 policies.
• 第一书记 (dìyī shūjì) - “First Secretary.” Party cadres who were dispatched to and stationed in poor villages to lead and oversee 精准扶贫 efforts on the ground.
• 中国梦 (Zhōngguó mèng) - “The Chinese Dream.” The overarching national vision of prosperity and rejuvenation, to which 精准扶贫 is a core contributor.