In Chinese culture, particularly in the context of modern urban life, time is a precious commodity. The pace of life (`生活节奏 - shēnghuó jiézòu`) is often incredibly fast, and being `忙 (máng - busy)` is a common state of being. Therefore, `空闲 (kòngxián)` time is highly valued. Unlike the Western concept of “leisure,” which can carry philosophical connotations of relaxation and self-fulfillment, `空闲` is more practical and functional. It's a “slot in the calendar.” Asking someone, “你空闲吗？ (Nǐ kòngxián ma?)” is a direct, polite, and very common way to check their availability before making a request or an invitation. It's often perceived as less imposing than the English, “Are you busy?” which can sometimes make the recipient feel pressured to say yes. Furthermore, there can be a cultural expectation to use `空闲` time productively—for studying, pursuing a side business, or personal development—rather than purely for rest. It's a resource to be managed, not just enjoyed.
`空闲` is a flexible word used in various everyday situations.
This is its most common use. You use it to ask about someone's availability or to state your own. It's a neutral term suitable for both casual and slightly formal contexts.
A crucial, non-obvious meaning for learners is its use for inanimate objects or spaces. It means “unoccupied,” “vacant,” or “idle.”
It can function as a noun, often in the combination `空闲时间 (kòngxián shíjiān)`, which literally means “free time.”