In Western, particularly American culture, there is a strong emphasis on “following your dreams” and individualism. The idea that you can become anything you want is a powerful narrative. 现实 (xiànshí) in Chinese culture presents a potent counterbalance to this. While not necessarily a negative concept, 现实 (xiànshí) is deeply rooted in pragmatism and collective experience. For generations, facing economic hardship, social upheaval, and intense competition meant that idealistic pursuits were a luxury. Therefore, being 现实 (xiànshí)—making choices that ensure stability, financial security for the family, and a safe future—is often viewed as a sign of wisdom and maturity. For example, when choosing a major, an American parent might say, “Study what you're passionate about.” A Chinese parent is more likely to advise choosing a major with good job prospects, telling their child, “你要现实一点 (nǐ yào xiànshí yīdiǎn)” — “You need to be a bit more realistic.” This isn't seen as crushing a dream, but as providing responsible guidance for navigating the real world. The “reality” in 现实 (xiànshí) is less about the philosophical nature of existence and more about the socioeconomic conditions that shape one's life.
The term 现实 (xiànshí) is incredibly common in everyday life and can carry different connotations depending on the context.