In Chinese culture, which often prioritizes social harmony (和谐, héxié) and “face” (面子, miànzi), 流言 is seen as a particularly disruptive and damaging force. A rumor can cause someone to lose face and can create conflict within a group, all without direct confrontation. This deep-seated cultural fear of gossip is encapsulated in the famous idiom 人言可畏 (rényán kěwèi), which means “gossip is a fearful thing” or “the words of men are to be feared.” This phrase is famously associated with the tragic suicide of the 1930s Shanghai silent film star Ruan Lingyu, who was hounded by tabloids and public gossip. While the West has the concept of “rumor” or “gossip,” 流言 often carries more weight. In English, “gossip” can sometimes be trivial or even a form of lighthearted social bonding (“celebrity gossip”). In contrast, 流言 is almost never viewed positively. It's perceived as irresponsible and potentially malicious, a threat to personal reputation and social stability. Spreading it is seen as a breach of social etiquette.
流言 is a common word used in various modern contexts.
The biggest point of confusion for learners is the difference between 流言 (liúyán) and 谣言 (yáoyán). Both translate to “rumor,” but they are not always interchangeable.
Incorrect Usage: Using 流言 for a major public panic.