Together, 权力 (quánlì) combines “authority” and “strength” to mean power. 斗争 (dòuzhēng) combines “fighting” and “contending” to mean struggle. Thus, `权力斗争` is a very literal and potent phrase: a “power struggle”.
`权力斗争` is a concept woven into the fabric of Chinese civilization. From the endless cycles of dynasties rising and falling to the intricate plots within the Forbidden City, the struggle for power has been a constant theme. A key difference from the Western concept of a “power struggle” lies in the methodology and social dynamics. While a Western power struggle might be more direct (e.g., a hostile takeover, a public challenge), the traditional Chinese approach, influenced by strategists like Sun Tzu, often values indirectness, patience, and subtlety. It's less about a single, decisive confrontation and more about a long-term campaign of building alliances (`关系`, guānxi), undermining rivals, and manipulating situations to one's advantage. This is famously depicted in the “palace struggle” or `宫斗 (gōngdòu)` genre of TV shows. Here, imperial concubines, princes, and eunuchs engage in complex schemes not for personal glory alone, but for the survival and supremacy of their clan or faction. This reflects a collectivist aspect where the struggle is often between groups, not just individuals. The famous classic `三十六计 (The Thirty-Six Stratagems)` can be seen as a tactical manual for navigating such conflicts.
`权力斗争` is a formal and serious term. You will encounter it in specific, high-stakes contexts.