拜金 (bàijīn) became a prominent term in China following the economic reforms of the 1980s and 90s. As the country rapidly shifted from a collectivist society to a market economy, immense wealth was created, leading to a rise in consumerism and a visible wealth gap. This created a social tension between traditional values (which might emphasize scholarship, family, or moral character) and a new, more materialistic outlook. The term 拜金 is often used in social commentary to critique this perceived erosion of traditional values.
Comparison to “Materialistic” or “Gold Digger”:
While “materialistic” is a close translation, 拜金 (bàijīn) carries a much stronger sense of moral condemnation. “Materialistic” can sometimes be a neutral descriptor of a consumer-focused lifestyle, but 拜金 is almost always an insult. It implies a person's entire value system is corrupt.
The English term “gold digger” is a very close parallel, especially for the specific term 拜金女 (bàijīnnǚ - “money-worshipping woman”). Both terms typically describe someone who enters a relationship purely for financial gain. However, 拜金 can be applied more broadly to a general philosophy of life, not just romantic relationships.
It's a common mistake for learners to label anyone who cares about money as 拜金. However, wanting a stable job, a house, and a comfortable life is considered normal and practical (现实 - xiànshí). 拜金 is an extreme. It's when money becomes the *only* thing that matters, overriding morality, love, and friendship.
Incorrect: “我想找个有钱的男朋友，我是不是太拜金了？” (I want to find a rich boyfriend, am I too materialistic?) - This sounds overly self-critical. A Chinese speaker would more likely frame this as being “practical” (现实).
Correct Context: “我不管他的人品怎么样，只要他有钱就行。我是不是很拜金？” (I don't care what his character is like, as long as he has money. Am I very materialistic?) - This is a clear example of 拜金 thinking.
Mistake 2: Using “拜金” in a neutral or positive way.
拜金 is an insult. You would not use it to describe your own ambition in a positive light.
Incorrect: “我的目标就是拜金，我要努力赚钱！” (My goal is to be a money-worshipper, I'm going to work hard to make money!)
Why it's wrong: This sounds like you are proudly declaring that you have no morals. If you want to say you are ambitious about making money, you would say something like “我的目标是实现财富自由” (My goal is to achieve financial freedom).