The concept of a 律师 (lǜshī) in its modern, Western sense is relatively new in China. Historically, Chinese society, influenced by Confucianism, prioritized social harmony and resolving disputes through mediation, personal relationships (关系 guānxi), and community elders rather than through a formal, adversarial legal system. “Going to court” (打官司 dǎ guānsi) was often seen as a last resort, a sign of failed relationships and a disruptive act. In contrast to the litigious culture of the United States, where lawsuits are common, traditional Chinese culture viewed legal battles with skepticism. However, with China's rapid economic development and integration into the global economy, the role of the 律师 has become indispensable. Today, lawyers are crucial for everything from international business contracts to intellectual property and criminal defense. While the legal profession is now well-established and respected, the cultural preference for harmony can still influence legal strategies. A Chinese 律师 might spend more time on negotiation and seeking a mediated settlement than their Western counterpart, reflecting a cultural blend of modern legal practice and traditional values.
律师 (lǜshī) is a standard, neutral term used in all contexts, from formal to informal.