The characters combine quite literally: 引 (to attract) 人 (people) 注 (to focus) 目 (their eyes). Together, they create a vivid image of something actively drawing the gazes of onlookers.
While “eye-catching” is a universal concept, the value placed on it can differ. In many Western cultures, especially American culture, being `引人注目` is often a primary goal. Individuality, standing out, and “making a statement” are frequently praised. In traditional Chinese culture, however, the value of harmony (和谐, héxié) and collectivism often meant that blending in was preferred. The old proverb “枪打出头鸟” (qiāng dǎ chūtóu niǎo) – “the bird that sticks its head out gets shot” – reflects a traditional caution against being too conspicuous. Therefore, while `引人注目` can be very positive (describing great art or a brilliant performance), it can also carry a neutral or even slightly negative connotation, implying that someone or something is disrupting harmony or being inappropriately showy. In modern China, this is changing rapidly, but it's a useful cultural nuance to keep in mind. The context determines whether being `引人注目` is a good thing or a social misstep.
`引人注目` is a very common idiom used in both spoken and written Chinese. Its connotation depends entirely on the context.
It is generally considered a slightly more formal or literary term than simple adjectives, but it is perfectly normal to use in daily conversation.