When combined, `不良 (bùliáng)` forms a set phrase meaning “bad,” “harmful,” or “unhealthy.” `反应 (fǎnyìng)` is also a set word meaning “reaction” or “response.” Therefore, 不良反应 (bùliáng fǎnyìng) pieces together logically to mean a “harmful reaction.”
The term 不良反应 is more of a modern, technical term than a deeply cultural one, but its use reflects a global shift in healthcare culture that has also taken root in China. Historically, the doctor-patient relationship in China was often more hierarchical, with patients less likely to question a doctor's authority. However, with modernization and increased access to information, the concept of informed consent has become standard. The legal requirement to list potential 不良反应 on all drug packaging is a clear sign of this change. It empowers patients and holds manufacturers accountable. Compared to the West, the concept is identical. An “adverse reaction” in English and a 不良反应 in Chinese are the same medical phenomenon. The cultural nuance might lie in the communication style. While a Western patient might be very direct in asking, “What are all the possible side effects?”, a Chinese patient might phrase it more deferentially, “Doctor, will there be any… reactions?” However, this is changing quickly, and modern, urban Chinese are just as likely to be direct about their health concerns. The term itself is a bridge, a piece of universal medical vocabulary.
不良反应 is primarily used in formal medical and health-related contexts.
The most important nuance for a learner to grasp is the difference between 不良反应 (bùliáng fǎnyìng) and 副作用 (fùzuòyòng).
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