三 (sān): three. Here, it functions metaphorically to mean “a few,” “a small group,” or simply “others.”
人 (rén): person, people.
行 (xíng): to walk, to go, to travel together.
，(dòuhào): A comma, separating the two clauses.
必 (bì): must, surely, certainly, inevitably.
有 (yǒu): to have, there is/are.
我 (wǒ): I, me.
师 (shī): teacher, master, a role model.
The phrase combines these characters to create a vivid image: “Three people walking together” (any social interaction), “there will certainly be my teacher” (a guaranteed opportunity for learning exists).
This saying comes directly from the Analects of Confucius (《论语·述而》, Lúnyǔ·Shù'ér), one of the most foundational texts in East Asian philosophy. The full, original quote provides even deeper insight:
子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”
The Master said: “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, and see their bad qualities and correct them in myself.”
This proverb is a cornerstone of the Confucian emphasis on humility (谦虚, qiānxū) and lifelong self-cultivation (修身, xiūshēn). It promotes an active, not passive, learning mindset. One must constantly observe others, reflect on their actions, and use those observations to improve oneself.
Comparison to a Western Concept: A similar English idea is, “Everyone you will ever meet knows something you don't.” While the sentiment is related, the Chinese proverb is much more deeply embedded in the cultural psyche. It is not just a modern motivational quote but a 2,500-year-old moral instruction that is taught from a young age. It carries the weight of classical wisdom and implies a moral duty to learn, whereas the English version is more of a simple observation.
This phrase is formal and conveys education and wisdom. It's used frequently in situations related to learning, personal development, and showing respect.
In Education: A teacher might use it to encourage students to form study groups, emphasizing that they can learn as much from their peers as from their instructor.
In the Workplace: A new employee might say this to senior colleagues to express their eagerness to learn from them. A manager might use it to foster a collaborative environment where every team member's perspective is valued.
As a Form of Humility: It is often used to politely deflect a compliment. If someone praises your expertise, you might respond with “哪里，哪里，三人行，必有我师,” which means “Not at all, I still have much to learn from everyone.” This shows modesty and respect.