首相

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首相 [2025/08/01 19:55] – 创建 xiaoer首相 [2025/08/22 16:58] (current) – created xiaoer
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-======麻瓜首相====== +====== shǒuxiàng: 首相 - Prime Minister, Premier ====== 
-=====简介===== +===== Quick Summary ===== 
-[[麻瓜]][[首相]] (Muggle Prime Minister) 是[[英国]]非魔法界政府的最高领导人。在《哈利・波特》的世界观中，每一任新上任的[[麻瓜]][[首相]]都会被[[魔法部部长]]告知魔法世界的存在。这一传统确保了两界政府在面临共同的重大危机时能够进行必要的沟通。[[首相]]与[[魔法部部长]]之间的联系是保密的，仅限于最高层级，其主要作用是在魔法世界的重大事件波及到[[麻瓜]]社会时，向[[首相]]进行通报和协调。 +  * **Keywords:** 首相, shǒuxiàng, Chinese for prime minister, prime minister in Chinese, premier, head of government in Chinese, chancellor, Chinese politics, 日本首相 (Japanese prime minister), 英国首相 (British prime minister), 总理 (zǒnglǐ), 总统 (zǒngtǒng) 
-=====已知的在任者与互动===== +  * **Summary:** 首相 (shǒuxiàng) is the Chinese word for "Prime Minister," the title for the head of government in many parliamentary systems like the United Kingdom, Japan, and Canada. The term literally translates to "chief minister." It is essential for understanding Chinese news and discussions about international politics. Crucially, this term is used for foreign leaders, while China's own head of government is called the 总理 (zǒnglǐ), making the distinction vital for accurate communication. 
-原著主要详细描述了20世纪90年代在任的[[首相]]及其前任的经历，均出自《[[哈利·波特与混血王子]]》的第一章“另一个部长”。 +===== Core Meaning ===== 
-====1990年代前的首相==== +  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** shǒuxiàng 
-这位姓名不详的[[首相]]是20世纪90年代[[首相]]的前任。在他上任的第一天，[[康奈利·福吉]]拜访了他，并向他揭示了魔法世界的存在。他最初的反应是极度不信，甚至试图将[[福吉]]从窗户扔出去。随着时间的推移，他逐渐接受了这个事实，但对[[福吉]]的偶尔到访感到厌倦和疲惫。他在卸任时，告诫自己的继任者，[[唐宁街10号]]办公室里有一幅无法移除的肖像，并且他将会在一个艰难的夜晚接到一位名叫“福吉”的访客。 +  * **Part of Speech:** Noun 
-====1990年代的首相==== +  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6 
-这位[[首相]]是《[[哈利·波特与混血王子]]》中描写的核心人物。他在故事发生时已经上任数年。 +  * **Concise Definition:** The head of government in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system; Prime Minister or Premier. 
-  * **初次会面**：在他上任的当晚，[[康奈利·福吉]]通过[[飞路网]]来到他的办公室，向他解释了魔法世界的存在。[[福吉]]以一种居高临下的态度向他保证，除非发生严重到会影响[[麻瓜]]世界的事件，否则[[魔法部]]不会打扰他。 +  * **In a Nutshell:** 首相 (shǒuxiàng) is the standard Chinese title you would use when talking about the Prime Minister of the UK or Japan. It's a formal and specific political term. Think of it as the counterpart to "President" (总统, zǒngtǒng) in systems where the head of government and head of state are different people. The most important thing to remember is that you do **not** use it for China's leader. 
-  * **历次通报**：在随后的几年里，[[福吉]]曾数次拜访他，通报的事件包括： +===== Character Breakdown ===== 
-    * 为[[三强争霸赛]]进口龙和一头[[斯芬克斯]]。 +  * **首 (shǒu):** This character means "head," "first," or "chief." It originates from a pictograph of an animal's head with hair or horns on top. It signifies leadership and being at the forefront. 
-    * [[阿兹卡班]]发生大规模越狱事件，多名危险的[[食死徒]]逃脱。 +  * **相 (xiàng):** In this context, this character means "minister," particularly a high-ranking government official. Historically, it referred to the emperor's chief advisor or chancellor (宰相, zǎixiàng). 
-    * [[伏地魔]]回归后引发的一系列灾难，如[[布罗克代尔大桥]]的坍塌、两起[[麻瓜]]无法解释的残忍谋杀（受害者包括[[阿米莉亚·博恩斯]]和[[埃默琳·万斯]]）以及笼罩全国的神秘寒雾。 +  * Together, **首相 (shǒuxiàng)** literally means "head minister" or "chief minister." This combination perfectly captures the role of a prime minister as the leading figure among all government ministers. 
-  * **更换部长**：在[[伏地魔]]的威胁全面公开后，[[福吉]]最后一次拜访[[首相]]，告知他自己已被免职，并向他引荐了新任[[魔法部部长]]——[[鲁弗斯·斯克林杰]]。 +===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== 
-  * **获得保护**：[[斯克林杰]]告知[[首相]]，[[魔法部]]已派遣一名优秀的[[傲罗]]——[[金斯莱·沙克尔]]——伪装成他的秘书来保护其安全。[[首相]]对这位新“秘书”的工作效率和沉着冷静印象深刻，远胜于他之前的所有下属。 +The term 首相 (shǒuxiàng) is deeply rooted in China's long history of imperial bureaucracy. The character 相 (xiàng) evokes the image of the powerful **宰相 (zǎixiàng)**, or Chancellor, who was the highest-ranking official serving the emperor, effectively running the government's day-to-day operations. This historical weight gives the modern term a sense of formality and authority. 
-=====与魔法世界的联系===== +The most significant cultural and political point for a learner is the distinction between **首相 (shǒuxiàng)** and **总理 (zǒnglǐ)**. 
-[[麻瓜]][[首相]]与魔法世界的官方联系受到严格限制，主要通过以下方式进行： +  * **Comparison to Western Concepts:** In the West, terms like "Prime Minister" and "Premier" can sometimes be used interchangeably or have subtle differences depending on the country. In Chinese, the distinction is rigid and political. 
-  * **魔法肖像**：在[[唐宁街10号]][[首相]]办公室里，挂着一幅描绘着一个戴着银色长假发的小个子丑陋男人的[[魔法肖像]]。这幅肖像无法被从墙上取下，其唯一的功能是当[[魔法部部长]]即将到访时，提前向[[首相]]发出通报。 +    *   **首相 (shǒuxiàng)** is almost exclusively used for heads of government in countries with a constitutional monarchy (like the UK, Japan, Canada, Australia) or certain parliamentary republics. These leaders are typically members of the legislature. 
-  * **飞路网**：[[魔法部部长]]可以通过连接到[[首相]]办公室壁炉的[[飞路网]]，直接到达其办公室。这个壁炉被施加了魔法，[[首相]]无法将其封锁。 +    *   **总理 (zǒnglǐ)**, which translates to "Premier," is the title for China's head of government (the Premier of the State Council). It is also used for leaders in countries with systems similar to China's (e.g., Vietnam) or for certain republics like Singapore and France. 
-=====重要物品===== +This distinction isn't just a matter of translation; it reflects a different understanding of political systems. Using the wrong term can sound uninformed. When you hear 首相 on Chinese news, your brain should immediately think, "They're talking about a foreign leader, probably from a parliamentary system." 
-  * **[[魔法肖像]]**：位于[[首相]]办公室，是两界政府间最主要的联络工具。它忠实地履行着通报职责，是魔法世界存在于[[麻瓜]]政治核心的物证。 +===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== 
-=====人际关系===== +首相 (shǒuxiàng) is a formal term used in specific, non-casual contexts. 
-  * **[[康奈利·福吉]]**：[[首相]]与[[福吉]]的关系十分紧张。他认为[[福吉]]举止古怪、态度傲慢，并且总带来坏消息。他对[[福吉]]的来访感到烦躁和无奈，私下里认为他是个“讨厌的家伙”。 +  * **In the News:** This is where you'll encounter the term most frequently. News reports about international relations, G7 summits, or the domestic politics of countries like Japan, the UK, India, and Canada will constantly use 首相. For example, 英国新**首相** (Yīngguó xīn **shǒuxiàng** - the new British Prime Minister). 
-  * **[[鲁弗斯·斯克林杰]]**：与[[福吉]]相比，[[首相]]对[[斯克林杰]]的初步印象要好得多。他觉得[[斯克林杰]]看起来更坚毅、更有能力，行动也更果决。 +  * **Formal Discussion:** In academic settings, political science discussions, or formal conversations about global affairs, 首相 is the correct and expected term. 
-  * **[[金斯莱·沙克尔]]**：在不知其真实身份的情况下，[[首相]]非常欣赏这位伪装成秘书的[[傲罗]]。他赞赏[[金斯莱]]的工作能力，认为他比自己以前的任何下属都要出色。 +  * **Connotation and Formality:** The term is neutral and highly formal. It is simply a title. You would never use it in a casual, slangy way. It is always paired with a country's name to avoid ambiguity. 
-=====幕后信息===== +===== Example Sentences ===== 
-  * **现实影射**：根据原著的时间线（《混血王子》发生在1996-1997年），书中描写的[[麻瓜]][[首相]]通常被读者认为是J.K. 罗琳对当时在任的英国首相约翰·梅杰 (John Major) 的虚构影射。 +  * **Example 1:** 
-  * **电影改编**：《[[哈利·波特与混血王子]]》的电影改编中，完全删除了“另一个部长”这一章节以及所有与[[麻瓜]][[首相]]相关的情节。（电影设定）+    * 英国**首相**今天宣布辞职。 
 +    * Pinyin: Yīngguó **shǒuxiàng** jīntiān xuānbù cízhí. 
 +    * English: The British Prime Minister announced his/her resignation today. 
 +    * Analysis: A typical sentence you would hear on a news broadcast. It's direct, formal, and informative. 
 +  * **Example 2:** 
 +    * 日本**首相**下周将访问中国。 
 +    * Pinyin: Rìběn **shǒuxiàng** xiàzhōu jiāng fǎngwèn Zhōngguó. 
 +    * English: The Japanese Prime Minister will visit China next week. 
 +    * Analysis: This shows the common structure "[Country] + 首相" to specify which leader is being discussed. 
 +  * **Example 3:** 
 +    * 谁是加拿大现任**首相**？ 
 +    * Pinyin: Shéi shì Jiānádà xiànrèn **shǒuxiàng**? 
 +    * English: Who is the current Prime Minister of Canada? 
 +    * Analysis: A straightforward question. 现任 (xiànrèn) means "current" or "incumbent" and is often used with political titles. 
 +  * **Example 4:** 
 +    * 这位**首相**的支持率最近有所下降。 
 +    * Pinyin: Zhè wèi **shǒuxiàng** de zhīchílǜ zuìjìn yǒu suǒ xiàjiàng. 
 +    * English: This prime minister's approval rating has declined recently. 
 +    * Analysis: The measure word for a respected person, 位 (wèi), is used here. 
 +  * **Example 5:** 
 +    * 许多国家的**首相**和总统都参加了这次峰会。 
 +    * Pinyin: Xǔduō guójiā de **shǒuxiàng** hé zǒngtǒng dōu cānjiā le zhè cì fēnghuì. 
 +    * English: The prime ministers and presidents of many countries attended this summit. 
 +    * Analysis: This sentence directly contrasts 首相 with 总统 (zǒngtǒng - president), highlighting that they are different roles. 
 +  * **Example 6:** 
 +    * 他是印度历史上最年轻的**首相**之一。 
 +    * Pinyin: Tā shì Yìndù lìshǐ shàng zuì niánqīng de **shǒuxiàng** zhīyī. 
 +    * English: He is one of the youngest prime ministers in India's history. 
 +    * Analysis: Shows how the term can be used in historical or biographical contexts. 
 +  * **Example 7:** 
 +    * **首相**官邸外聚集了许多抗议者。 
 +    * Pinyin: **Shǒuxiàng** guāndǐ wài jùjí le xǔduō kàngyìzhě. 
 +    * English: Many protestors gathered outside the Prime Minister's official residence. 
 +    * Analysis: 官邸 (guāndǐ) is the formal word for an official residence, often paired with titles like 首相 or 总统. 
 +  * **Example 8:** 
 +    * 成为**首相**是他从小的政治抱负。 
 +    * Pinyin: Chéngwéi **shǒuxiàng** shì tā cóngxiǎo de zhèngzhì bàofù. 
 +    * English: Becoming prime minister was his political ambition since childhood. 
 +    * Analysis: This example uses the term in a more abstract, aspirational sense. 
 +  * **Example 9:** 
 +    * 在议会制国家，**首相**通常是执政党的领袖。 
 +    * Pinyin: Zài yìhuìzhì guójiā, **shǒuxiàng** tōngcháng shì zhízhèngdǎng de lǐngxiù. 
 +    * English: In a parliamentary system, the prime minister is usually the leader of the ruling party. 
 +    * Analysis: A political science-style sentence that defines the role of a 首相. 
 +  * **Example 10:** 
 +    * 德国的总理在中文里有时也被称为**首相**，但这并不常见。 
 +    * Pinyin: Déguó de zǒnglǐ zài Zhōngwén lǐ yǒushí yě bèi chēngwéi **shǒuxiàng**, dàn zhè bìng bù chángjiàn. 
 +    * English: Germany's Chancellor (总理) is sometimes also referred to as 首相 in Chinese, but this is not common. 
 +    * Analysis: This sentence points out a nuance. While Germany's leader is a "Chancellor," the Chinese term is usually 总理 (zǒnglǐ), but 首相 is occasionally seen due to the similarities in the political systems. This is an advanced point. 
 +===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== 
 +The single most critical mistake for learners is confusing 首相 (shǒuxiàng), 总理 (zǒnglǐ), and 总统 (zǒngtǒng). 
 +  * **Mistake 1: Calling the Chinese Premier a 首相.** 
 +    * **Incorrect:** ~~中国的**首相**是谁？~~ (Zhōngguó de shǒuxiàng shì shéi?) 
 +    * **Correct:** 中国的**总理**是谁？ (Zhōngguó de zǒnglǐ shì shéi?) - Who is the Premier of China? 
 +    * **Reason:** China's political system designates its head of government as a 总理 (Premier). Using 首相 shows a fundamental misunderstanding of Chinese political terminology. 
 +  * **Quick Guide to Political Titles:** 
 +    * **首相 (shǒuxiàng) - Prime Minister:** Use for countries like the UK, Japan, Canada, Australia, India. The head of government in a parliamentary system, often with a monarch or ceremonial president as head of state. 
 +    * **总理 (zǒnglǐ) - Premier / Chancellor:** Use for China, Singapore, Vietnam, and Germany. The head of government in China's system and some others. 
 +    * **总统 (zǒngtǒng) - President:** Use for countries like the USA, France, Russia, South Korea. The head of state. In a presidential system (like the USA), the President is also the head of government. 
 +Think of it this way: when you see a Queen or Emperor, the leader who runs the government is the 首相. For China, it's the 总理. For the US, the leader who does both jobs is the 总统. 
 +===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== 
 +  * [[总理]] (zǒnglǐ) - Premier. The correct title for the head of government in China. The most important related term to distinguish. 
 +  * [[总统]] (zǒngtǒng) - President. The title for the head of state in many republics, such as the United States. 
 +  * [[主席]] (zhǔxí) - Chairman. A very important title in China, often referring to the Chairman of the PRC or the Chairman of the Communist Party. 
 +  * [[宰相]] (zǎixiàng) - The historical equivalent; the Chancellor or chief minister in imperial China from which 首相 conceptually derives. 
 +  * [[内阁]] (nèigé) - Cabinet. The group of ministers led by the 首相 or 总理. 
 +  * [[大臣]] (dàchén) - Minister. A senior government official, often used when referring to cabinet members in Japan or the UK (e.g., 财务大臣 - Finance Minister). 
 +  * [[政府]] (zhèngfǔ) - Government. The overarching body that a 首相 leads. 
 +  * [[国家元首]] (guójiā yuánshǒu) - Head of State. The ceremonial leader or figurehead (like a monarch) in a country with a 首相. 
 +  * [[政府首脑]] (zhèngfǔ shǒunǎo) - Head of Government. The technical political science term for the role filled by a 首相 or 总理. 
 +  * [[议会]] (yìhuì) - Parliament. The legislative body from which a 首相 typically derives their power.