Show pageOld revisionsBacklinksBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== gàilǜ: 概率 - Probability, Likelihood ====== ===== Quick Summary ===== * **Keywords:** gàilǜ, 概率, Chinese for probability, Chinese for likelihood, chance in Chinese, statistics in Chinese, gailv, learning Chinese math terms, HSK 5 vocabulary * **Summary:** Learn the Chinese word for probability, **概率 (gàilǜ)**. This guide breaks down its meaning, from its use in mathematics and statistics to everyday conversations about the likelihood of an event. Discover its cultural context, see practical example sentences, and understand how it differs from similar words like "chance" or "possibility" to use it accurately. ===== Core Meaning ===== * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** gàilǜ * **Part of Speech:** Noun * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 * **Concise Definition:** The extent to which an event is likely to occur; probability. * **In a Nutshell:** **概率 (gàilǜ)** is the direct and standard Chinese equivalent for the English word "probability." It is a precise, often numerical, term used to describe the likelihood of something happening. While it is core to technical fields like math, science, and economics, it is also used in formal or serious everyday discussions about chance and possibility. ===== Character Breakdown ===== * **概 (gài):** This character means "general," "approximate," or "concept." It implies an overview or a general idea rather than a specific, guaranteed outcome. * **率 (lǜ):** This character means "rate," "ratio," or "frequency." It provides the mathematical or statistical foundation of the word. * Together, **概率 (gàilǜ)** literally translates to something like "approximate rate" or "general ratio." This combination perfectly captures the idea of measuring the likelihood of an event based on its expected frequency or ratio of occurrence. ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== * **Science vs. Superstition:** The term **概率 (gàilǜ)** represents the modern, scientific, and rational way of looking at chance. This often stands in contrast to more traditional Chinese concepts like **运气 (yùnqì - luck)** and **命运 (mìngyùn - fate or destiny)**. While Western culture also has concepts of luck and fate, in many Chinese social contexts, these ideas can still be very influential. * **A Modern Concept:** You will hear **概率 (gàilǜ)** used in modern, educated contexts like weather forecasting, financial analysis, and academic discussions. However, when talking about winning the lottery or finding a good partner, someone might be more likely to talk about their **运气 (yùnqì)**. The use of **概率** signals a logical, data-driven mindset, whereas relying on **运气** or **命运** implies a belief in forces beyond one's control. The interesting cultural aspect is how these two mindsets—the scientific and the traditional—coexist in modern China. ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== * **Academic and Technical Contexts:** This is the primary use of **概率**. In a math class, a scientific paper, or an economic report, **概率** is the only correct term for "probability." * e.g., //概率论 (gàilǜ lùn)// - Probability Theory * **Formal Everyday Conversation:** It's used when discussing the chances of something in a serious or analytical way. * e.g., Discussing the probability of success for a new business venture. * e.g., Analyzing the likelihood of rain based on a weather report. * **Connotation and Formality:** **概率** is neutral and relatively formal. In casual, everyday chat, people might prefer to use simpler words like **可能 (kěnéng - possible/maybe)** or **机会 (jīhuì - chance)**. For example, instead of saying "The probability of me going is low," a person would more likely say "I probably won't go" (我可能不去 - wǒ kěnéng bù qù). ===== Example Sentences ===== * **Example 1:** * 根据天气预报，明天降雨的**概率**是百分之八十。 * Pinyin: Gēnjù tiānqì yùbào, míngtiān jiàngyǔ de **gàilǜ** shì bǎifēnzhī bāshí. * English: According to the weather forecast, the probability of rain tomorrow is 80%. * Analysis: A standard, practical use of the term, showing how it is used with percentages. * **Example 2:** * 你觉得我们这个项目成功的**概率**有多大？ * Pinyin: Nǐ juédé wǒmen zhège xiàngmù chénggōng de **gàilǜ** yǒu duō dà? * English: What do you think is the probability of our project succeeding? * Analysis: A common question in a business or work context. Note the use of 有多大 (yǒu duō dà - how big is it?) to ask about the level of probability. * **Example 3:** * 从统计学上讲，中彩票的**概率**非常低。 * Pinyin: Cóng tǒngjìxué shàng jiǎng, zhòng cǎipiào de **gàilǜ** fēicháng dī. * English: Statistically speaking, the probability of winning the lottery is extremely low. * Analysis: This sentence highlights the term's connection to statistics (统计学). * **Example 4:** * 医生说手术后完全康复的**概率**很高。 * Pinyin: Yīshēng shuō shǒushù hòu wánquán kāngfù de **gàilǜ** hěn gāo. * English: The doctor said the probability of a full recovery after the surgery is very high. * Analysis: Demonstrates the use of 高 (gāo - high) and 低 (dī - low) to describe probability. * **Example 5:** * 任何事件发生的**概率**都在0和1之间。 * Pinyin: Rènhé shìjiàn fāshēng de **gàilǜ** dōu zài líng hé yī zhījiān. * English: The probability of any event occurring is between 0 and 1. * Analysis: A classic definition from mathematics, showing the formal, academic nature of the word. * **Example 6:** * 投资这种股票，亏损的**概率**要大于盈利的**概率**。 * Pinyin: Tóuzī zhè zhǒng gǔpiào, kuīsǔn de **gàilǜ** yào dàyú yínglì de **gàilǜ**. * English: Investing in this kind of stock, the probability of losing money is greater than the probability of making a profit. * Analysis: A practical example from finance, comparing two different probabilities. * **Example 7:** * 学习**概率**论对理解数据分析很重要。 * Pinyin: Xuéxí **gàilǜ** lùn duì lǐjiě shùjù fēnxī hěn zhòngyào. * English: Studying probability theory is very important for understanding data analysis. * Analysis: Shows **概率** as part of a compound noun, **概率论 (gàilǜlùn)**, meaning "probability theory." * **Example 8:** * 虽然**概率**很小，但奇迹还是有可能发生的。 * Pinyin: Suīrán **gàilǜ** hěn xiǎo, dàn qíjì háishì yǒu kěnéng fāshēng de. * English: Although the probability is very small, miracles can still happen. * Analysis: This sentence contrasts the cold, mathematical concept of probability with the more emotional idea of a "miracle." * **Example 9:** * 我们必须计算出所有可能结果的**概率**。 * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū jìsuàn chū suǒyǒu kěnéng jiéguǒ de **gàilǜ**. * English: We must calculate the probability of all possible outcomes. * Analysis: "Calculate probability" (计算概率 - jìsuàn gàilǜ) is a common and important collocation. * **Example 10:** * 他被录取的**概率**几乎为零。 * Pinyin: Tā bèi lùqǔ de **gàilǜ** jīhū wéi líng. * English: His probability of being accepted is almost zero. * Analysis: Shows how to express a near-zero probability. "为零 (wéi líng)" is a formal way to say "is zero." ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== * **`概率 (gàilǜ)` vs. `机会 (jīhuì)`:** This is a key distinction. * **`概率`** is a neutral, mathematical measurement of likelihood. * **`机会 (jīhuì)`** means "chance" or "opportunity" and usually has a positive or desired connotation. * **Example:** The **probability** (`概率`) of the lottery machine picking your number is one in a million. If it does, you get a **chance** (`机会`) to become rich. You wouldn't say "the opportunity of rain is 80%." * **`概率 (gàilǜ)` vs. `可能性 (kěnéng xìng)`:** These are very close. * **`概率`** is more mathematical and often implies a numerical value (e.g., 60%, high/low). * **`可能性 (kěnéng xìng)`** means "possibility" and is more general or abstract. It refers to whether something //can// happen, not necessarily //how often// it happens. * **Correct:** "The **probability** of rain is high." (下雨的**概率**很高。) * **Also Correct:** "There is a **possibility** of rain." (有下雨的**可能性**。) * You can often use them interchangeably, but **`概率`** is more precise and scientific. * **Common Mistake:** Using **`概率`** as a verb or adjective. **`概率`** is a noun. * **Incorrect:** 这件事很**概率**会发生。(Zhè jiàn shì hěn **gàilǜ** huì fāshēng.) -> "This thing will very probability happen." * **Correct:** 这件事发生的**概率**很高。(Zhè jiàn shì fāshēng de **gàilǜ** hěn gāo.) -> "The probability of this thing happening is very high." * **Correct (casual):** 这件事很**可能**会发生。(Zhè jiàn shì hěn **kěnéng** huì fāshēng.) -> "This thing will very possibly happen." ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== * [[可能性]] (kěnéng xìng) - Possibility. A very close synonym, but more general and less numerical than `概率`. * [[机会]] (jīhuì) - Chance, opportunity. Refers to a favorable moment or possibility to do something. * [[统计]] (tǒngjì) - Statistics. The academic field in which `概率` is a fundamental concept. * [[风险]] (fēngxiǎn) - Risk. The probability of loss or a negative outcome. * [[运气]] (yùnqì) - Luck, fortune. The non-scientific, traditional concept of personal chance. * [[命运]] (mìngyùn) - Fate, destiny. The idea that events are predetermined and beyond human control. * [[偶然]] (ǒurán) - Accidental, by chance. An adjective or adverb describing an event that was not planned. * [[必然]] (bìrán) - Inevitable, certain. The philosophical and logical opposite of something being probabilistic; a probability of 100%. * [[频率]] (pínlǜ) - Frequency. The rate at which something occurs, a concept used to calculate experimental probability. * [[或许]] (huòxǔ) - Perhaps, maybe. A common adverb used in daily speech to express uncertainty, much more casual than discussing `概率`.