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| 修复 [2025/08/04 01:31] – created xiaoer | 修复 [2025/08/04 01:32] (current) – xiaoer |
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| ====== xiūfù: 修复 - To Repair, To Restore ====== | ====== xiūfù: 修复 - To Repair, To Restore ====== |
| ===== Quick Summary ===== | ===== Quick Summary ===== |
| * **Keywords:** xiufu, xiu fu, 修复, repair Chinese, fix Chinese, restore Chinese, how to say repair in Chinese, Chinese word for restoration, fix a bug in Chinese, repair a relationship in Chinese. | * **Keywords:** xiufu, 修复, repair Chinese, restore Chinese, fix Chinese, how to say repair in Chinese, xiufu meaning, Chinese verb for restoration, fix a bug Chinese, mend a relationship Chinese. |
| * **Summary:** Learn how to use the versatile Chinese verb **修复 (xiūfù)**, which means "to repair" or "to restore". This guide covers its use for physical objects like phones and cars, abstract concepts like software bugs and corrupted data, and even metaphorical situations like repairing a relationship. Understand the difference between 修复 (xiūfù), 修 (xiū), and 修理 (xiūlǐ) to speak more precise and natural Chinese. | * **Summary:** Learn the versatile Chinese verb **修复 (xiūfù)**, which means "to repair" or "to restore." More than just a simple "fix," `修复` implies a careful and complete process of returning something—whether it's a corrupted computer file, an ancient temple, or a broken relationship—to its original, proper state. This guide covers its meaning, cultural significance, and practical use in modern China. |
| ===== Core Meaning ===== | ===== Core Meaning ===== |
| * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** xiū fù | * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** xiū fù |
| * **Part of Speech:** Verb | * **Part of Speech:** Verb |
| * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 | * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 |
| * **Concise Definition:** To repair or restore something to its original or proper working condition. | * **Concise Definition:** To repair or restore something, often to a complete or original state. |
| * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **修复 (xiūfù)** as "to restore to fullness." It’s not just patching something up; it’s a more complete and often technical process of making something whole again. You **修复** a classic car, a damaged historical photo, or a critical software system. | * **In a Nutshell:** Think of `修复` as "to restore to wholeness." While the English word "fix" can mean a quick patch-up, `修复` carries a connotation of skill, completeness, and returning an item or situation to its correct, functional form. It's the word you use for bringing a damaged classic car back to mint condition, recovering a corrupted database, or even mending a damaged reputation. |
| ===== Character Breakdown ===== | ===== Character Breakdown ===== |
| * **修 (xiū):** This character means "to repair," "to build," or "to study/cultivate." Imagine someone carefully trimming or decorating something to improve it. It carries a sense of refinement and making something better. | * **修 (xiū):** This character means "to repair," "to build," "to decorate," or even "to cultivate" (as in self-cultivation). The left side is the person radical (亻), indicating an action performed by a human. |
| * **复 (fù):** This character means "to return," "to recover," or "to repeat." Its original form suggested movement back and forth, implying a return to a previous state or place. | * **复 (fù):** This character means "to return," "to recover," or "to repeat." It suggests a movement back to a previous state. |
| * When combined, **修复 (xiūfù)** literally means "to repair and return." This powerful combination emphasizes the goal of not just fixing a problem but restoring the item to its former glory or proper function. | * Together, **修复 (xiūfù)** literally means "to repair and return." The combination powerfully conveys the idea of actively fixing something to bring it back to its original, proper condition. |
| ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== | ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== |
| While not a deep philosophical term like [[关系]] (guānxi), **修复 (xiūfù)** reflects a modern and practical value in Chinese culture: the importance of restoration and preservation. | In Chinese culture, there is a deep-seated respect for history, continuity, and craftsmanship. **修复 (xiūfù)** taps directly into this value system. It's not just about making something work again; it's about honoring its original form and function. |
| In English, we might use "fix," "repair," or "restore" depending on the context. "Fix" can be a quick, simple solution ("I fixed the leak with tape"). **修复 (xiūfù)**, however, rarely implies a temporary patch. It aligns more closely with "repair" and especially "restore." It suggests a level of skill, thoroughness, and an intention to bring something back to its intended state. | This is most visible in the meticulous restoration of ancient artifacts, temples (`修复古建筑`), and calligraphy. The goal is not to create something new, but to painstakingly preserve the old. This philosophy emphasizes patience, skill, and a connection to the past. |
| This concept is applied broadly: | A useful comparison is to the Western concepts of "repair" vs. "restore." |
| * **Historical Preservation:** The Chinese government places great emphasis on **修复** ancient buildings, artworks, and cultural relics, seeing it as a way to preserve history and national identity. | * **Repair/Fix:** In English, "repair" or "fix" can be very pragmatic and utilitarian. You fix a leaky faucet to stop the dripping. The aesthetic or original state is secondary to the function. |
| * **Technological Advancement:** In China's booming tech industry, to **修复一个bug (xiūfù yī ge bug)**, or "fix a bug," is a fundamental activity. The term conveys a sense of professional, systematic problem-solving. | * **修复 (xiūfù):** While `修复` can be used for practical things, it often carries the weight of "restoration." It implies a higher level of care. When you `修复` a relationship (`关系`), you're not just patching things over; you're trying to return it to a state of health and trust. This reflects a cultural desire for harmony and completeness over quick, superficial solutions. |
| * **Relational Harmony:** Metaphorically, **修复关系 (xiūfù guānxì)**, or "repairing a relationship," highlights the belief that damaged social connections can, with effort, be restored to a state of harmony. This is a significant concept in a collectivist culture where relationships are highly valued. | |
| ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== | ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== |
| **修复 (xiūfù)** is a common word used in both formal and informal contexts, though it carries a more serious and complete tone than the simpler verb [[修]] (xiū). | `修复` is a common and versatile word used in both technical and abstract contexts. |
| * **//Technical & Digital Contexts//:** This is one of the most common uses today. It's the standard term for fixing software, data, or systems. | ==== Physical Objects & Structures ==== |
| * e.g., //"The IT department is restoring the server."// (IT部门正在**修复**服务器。) | This is the most straightforward usage, often for complex or valuable items. It feels more formal or significant than the simple `修 (xiū)`. |
| * **//Physical Object Repair//:** Used for more significant repairs, especially when the goal is full restoration. | * **Usage:** `修复古画` (xiūfù gǔhuà) - To restore an ancient painting. |
| * e.g., //"This old watch is valuable; it's worth repairing."// (这块旧手表很值钱，值得**修复**。) | * **Usage:** `修复被洪水冲毁的桥梁` (xiūfù bèi hóngshuǐ chōnghuǐ de qiáoliáng) - To repair the bridge destroyed by the flood. |
| * **//Metaphorical & Social Usage//:** Used to describe repairing abstract concepts like trust, confidence, or relationships. | ==== Technology & Data ==== |
| * e.g., //"They are trying to repair their broken friendship."// (他们在努力**修复**破裂的友谊。) | This is an extremely common usage in the digital age. It's the standard term for fixing bugs, vulnerabilities, or corrupted data. |
| * **//Environmental & Biological Contexts//:** Used in scientific fields to mean restoration or healing. | * **Usage:** `工程师正在修复系统漏洞` (gōngchéngshī zhèngzài xiūfù xìtǒng lòudòng) - The engineers are patching the system vulnerabilities. |
| * e.g., //"The project aims to restore the local ecosystem."// (这个项目旨在**修复**当地的生态系统。) | * **Usage:** `我的照片文件损坏了，有没有软件可以修复？` (Wǒ de zhàopiàn wénjiàn sǔnhuàile, yǒu méiyǒu ruǎnjiàn kěyǐ xiūfù?) - My photo file is corrupted, is there any software that can repair it? |
| | ==== Abstract Concepts ==== |
| | `修复` can be used metaphorically for intangible things, which is where it shows its depth. |
| | * **Usage:** `他们正在努力修复破裂的关系。` (Tāmen zhèngzài nǔlì xiūfù pòliè de guānxì.) - They are trying hard to mend their broken relationship. |
| | * **Usage:** `这次公关活动是为了修复公司的品牌形象。` (Zhè cì gōngguān huódòng shì wèile xiūfù gōngsī de pǐnpái xíngxiàng.) - This PR event is for the purpose of restoring the company's brand image. |
| | ==== Ecology & Biology ==== |
| | It is also used in scientific contexts to mean restoration. |
| | * **Usage:** `这个项目旨在修复当地的生态系统。` (Zhège xiàngmù zhǐ zài xiūfù dāngdì de shēngtài xìtǒng.) - This project aims to restore the local ecosystem. |
| ===== Example Sentences ===== | ===== Example Sentences ===== |
| * **Example 1:** | * **Example 1:** |
| * 我的手机屏幕碎了，需要拿去**修复**。 | * 故宫的专家们正在**修复**一件珍贵的明代瓷器。 |
| * Pinyin: Wǒ de shǒujī píngmù suì le, xūyào ná qù **xiūfù**. | * Pinyin: Gùgōng de zhuānjiāmen zhèngzài **xiūfù** yí jiàn zhēnguì de Míngdài cíqì. |
| * English: My phone screen is shattered, I need to take it to be repaired. | * English: The experts at the Palace Museum are restoring a precious piece of Ming Dynasty porcelain. |
| * Analysis: A very common, practical example. **修复** is used here because a screen replacement is a complete restoration of function, more than a simple fix. | * Analysis: This is a classic example of `修复` used for high-value cultural artifacts. It implies great skill and care. |
| * **Example 2:** | * **Example 2:** |
| * 工程师们正在**修复**系统中的一个严重漏洞。 | * 软件更新包含了很多重要的安全**修复**。 |
| * Pinyin: Gōngchéngshīmen zhèngzài **xiūfù** xìtǒng zhōng de yī ge yánzhòng lòudòng. | * Pinyin: Ruǎnjiàn gēngxīn bāohánle hěn duō zhòngyào de ānquán **xiūfù**. |
| * English: The engineers are fixing a serious bug in the system. | * English: The software update contains many important security fixes. |
| * Analysis: This is standard vocabulary in the tech world. "漏洞" (lòudòng) means "vulnerability" or "bug." | * Analysis: Here, `修复` is used as a noun meaning "a fix" or "a patch" in a technical context. This is very common in IT. |
| * **Example 3:** | * **Example 3:** |
| * 这座古老的寺庙正在被政府**修复**。 | * 他们之间的信任一旦被打破，就很难**修复**了。 |
| * Pinyin: Zhè zuò gǔlǎo de sìmiào zhèngzài bèi zhèngfǔ **xiūfù**. | * Pinyin: Tāmen zhījiān de xìnrèn yídàn bèi dǎpò, jiù hěn nán **xiūfù** le. |
| * English: This ancient temple is being restored by the government. | * English: Once the trust between them is broken, it's very difficult to repair. |
| * Analysis: The passive voice with "被" (bèi) is used here. **修复** is the perfect word for restoring a historical building. | * Analysis: A powerful metaphorical use of `修复` for an abstract concept like trust. |
| * **Example 4:** | * **Example 4:** |
| * 经过多年的努力，两国终于**修复**了外交关系。 | * 道路施工队正在连夜**修复**被地震损坏的公路。 |
| * Pinyin: Jīngguò duōnián de nǔlì, liǎng guó zhōngyú **xiūfù** le wàijiāo guānxì. | * Pinyin: Dàolù shīgōngduì zhèngzài liányè **xiūfù** bèi dìzhèn sǔnhuài de gōnglù. |
| * English: After many years of effort, the two countries finally restored diplomatic relations. | * English: The road construction crew is working through the night to repair the highway damaged by the earthquake. |
| * Analysis: A formal, metaphorical use of the term. It implies a deliberate process to mend what was broken. | * Analysis: This shows `修复` used for large-scale infrastructure repair after a major event. |
| * **Example 5:** | * **Example 5:** |
| * 他的名誉受损后，他花了很多时间来**修复**。 | * 我不小心删除了重要文件，希望能**修复**硬盘并找回数据。 |
| * Pinyin: Tā de míngyù shòusǔn hòu, tā huā le hěn duō shíjiān lái **xiūfù**. | * Pinyin: Wǒ bù xiǎoxīn shānchúle zhòngyào wénjiàn, xīwàng néng **xiūfù** yìngpán bìng zhǎohuí shùjù. |
| * English: After his reputation was damaged, he spent a lot of time restoring it. | * English: I accidentally deleted an important file; I hope to repair the hard drive and recover the data. |
| * Analysis: Another abstract use. You can't physically touch a "reputation" (名誉), but you can take actions to **修复** it. | * Analysis: Another common digital usage, connecting the physical repair of the drive with the restoration of its data. |
| * **Example 6:** | * **Example 6:** |
| * 这个软件可以帮助你**修复**损坏的照片文件。 | * 经过多年的努力，这片湿地的生态环境终于得到了**修复**。 |
| * Pinyin: Zhè ge ruǎnjiàn kěyǐ bāngzhù nǐ **xiūfù** sǔnhuài de zhàopiàn wénjiàn. | * Pinyin: Jīngguò duōnián de nǔlì, zhè piàn shīdì de shēngtài huánjìng zhōngyú dédàole **xiūfù**. |
| * English: This software can help you repair corrupted photo files. | * English: After many years of effort, the ecosystem of this wetland has finally been restored. |
| * Analysis: Highlights the use of **修复** for digital data restoration. | * Analysis: Here, `得到修复` (dédào xiūfù) is a passive structure meaning "to be restored." |
| * **Example 7:** | * **Example 7:** |
| * 运动员受伤后，需要很长时间的物理治疗来**修复**肌肉。 | * 吵架之后，他买了一束花，试图**修复**他和女朋友的关系。 |
| * Pinyin: Yùndòngyuán shòushāng hòu, xūyào hěn cháng shíjiān de wùlǐ zhìliáo lái **xiūfù** jīròu. | * Pinyin: Chǎojià zhīhòu, tā mǎile yí shù huā, shìtú **xiūfù** tā hé nǚpéngyou de guānxì. |
| * English: After an athlete gets injured, it takes a long time of physical therapy to repair the muscles. | * English: After the argument, he bought a bouquet of flowers, attempting to mend the relationship with his girlfriend. |
| * Analysis: This shows the term's use in a medical or biological context, similar to "tissue repair." | * Analysis: A very practical, everyday example of using `修复` for interpersonal relationships. |
| * **Example 8:** | * **Example 8:** |
| * 吵架之后，他想**修复**和女朋友之间的裂痕。 | * 这座古老的教堂在战争中被毁，战后人们花了五十年才将它**修复**。 |
| * Pinyin: Chǎojià zhīhòu, tā xiǎng **xiūfù** hé nǚpéngyou zhījiān de lièhén. | * Pinyin: Zhè zuò gǔlǎo de jiàotáng zài zhànzhēng zhōng bèi huǐ, zhànhòu rénmen huāle wǔshí nián cái jiāng tā **xiūfù**. |
| * English: After the argument, he wanted to mend the rift between him and his girlfriend. | * English: This ancient church was destroyed in the war; it took people fifty years to restore it afterward. |
| * Analysis: "裂痕" (lièhén) literally means "crack" or "fissure," used here metaphorically. **修复** is the action to close that crack. | * Analysis: The long time frame emphasizes the thorough and difficult nature of the `修复` process. |
| * **Example 9:** | * **Example 9:** |
| * 道路被洪水冲毁，**修复**工作非常困难。 | * 他的声誉因丑闻而受损，需要时间来**修复**。 |
| * Pinyin: Dàolù bèi hóngshuǐ chōnghuǐ, **xiūfù** gōngzuò fēicháng kùnnan. | * Pinyin: Tā de shēngyù yīn chǒuwén ér shòusǔn, xūyào shíjiān lái **xiūfù**. |
| * English: The road was destroyed by the flood, and the repair work is very difficult. | * English: His reputation was damaged by the scandal and will need time to be repaired. |
| * Analysis: Used for large-scale infrastructure projects. "修复工作" (xiūfù gōngzuò) means "repair/restoration work." | * Analysis: Shows that intangible things like reputation (`声誉`) can also be the object of `修复`. |
| * **Example 10:** | * **Example 10:** |
| * 皮肤有很强的自我**修复**能力。 | * 这个模型太旧了，很多零件都找不到了，恐怕无法**修复**。 |
| * Pinyin: Pífū yǒu hěn qiáng de zìwǒ **xiūfù** nénglì. | * Pinyin: Zhège móxíng tài jiù le, hěn duō língjiàn dōu zhǎo bu dào le, kǒngpà wúfǎ **xiūfù**. |
| * English: Skin has a very strong self-healing capability. | * English: This model is too old, and many parts can't be found. I'm afraid it cannot be repaired. |
| * Analysis: "自我修复" (zìwǒ xiūfù) means "self-repair" or "self-healing." A fantastic and useful compound word. | * Analysis: `无法修复` (wúfǎ xiūfù) is a common phrase meaning "cannot be repaired" or "is beyond repair." |
| ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== | ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== |
| * **`修复` vs. `修` (xiū):** `修` is more general and common in daily conversation for simple fixes. You would say 我去**修**一下自行车 (Wǒ qù **xiū** yīxià zìxíngchē - "I'll go fix the bike for a bit"). Using **修复** would sound overly formal, like you're performing a professional restoration on it. Use **修** for everyday tinkering and **修复** for more complete, serious, or technical restoration. | The most common mistake for learners is not knowing when to use `修复` versus its simpler relatives, `修 (xiū)` and `修理 (xiūlǐ)`. |
| * **`修复` vs. `修理` (xiūlǐ):** This is a critical distinction. `修理` is also very common for repairing machinery, appliances, and cars. In many cases, `修` and `修理` are interchangeable. However, **`修理` has a common slang meaning: "to punish," "to teach someone a lesson," or "to beat up."** For example, "看我怎么**修理**你!" (Kàn wǒ zěnme **xiūlǐ** nǐ! - "Watch how I'm gonna 'fix' you!"). **修复 (xiūfù)** //never// has this negative connotation. It is always about positive restoration. | * **`修复 (xiūfù)` vs. `修理 (xiūlǐ)`:** |
| * **//False Friend Alert//:** Do not use **修复** for "fixing a meal" (use 做饭 zuòfàn), "fixing a date" (use 约时间 yuē shíjiān), or "fixing your hair" (use 整理头发 zhěnglǐ tóufa). These English uses of "fix" do not translate. | * **`修理 (xiūlǐ)`:** This is your go-to word for general, everyday repairs, especially for machines and appliances. It's the word a handyman or mechanic would use. (e.g., `修理电视` - fix the TV, `修理汽车` - repair the car). |
| | * **`修复 (xiūfù)`:** Use this for more complex, technical, or significant restoration. It implies bringing something back to its complete or original state. You `修理` a car's engine, but you might `修复` a totaled classic car. You `修复` a system bug, not `修理`. |
| | * **Incorrect:** `我想请人来修复我的洗衣机。` (I want someone to come and restore my washing machine.) |
| | * **Correct:** `我想请人来修理我的洗衣机。` (I want someone to come and repair my washing machine.) |
| | * **`修复 (xiūfù)` vs. `修 (xiū)`:** |
| | * **`修 (xiū)`:** This is the simplest and most colloquial verb for "to fix." It's often used for smaller, simpler tasks. (e.g., `修一下自行车` - fix the bike, `修鞋` - mend shoes). |
| | * **`修复 (xiūfù)`:** Using `修复` for a simple bike repair would sound overly formal and dramatic, as if you were performing a museum-quality restoration. |
| | * **Incorrect:** `你能帮我修复一下这支笔吗？` (Can you help me restore this pen?) |
| | * **Correct:** `你能帮我修一下这支笔吗？` (Can you help me fix this pen?) |
| | In short, think of the scale: **修 (simple fix) < 修理 (general repair) < 修复 (complete restoration)**. |
| ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== | ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== |
| * [[修]] (xiū) - To fix, to repair. A more general and colloquial term than `修复`. | * [[修理]] (xiūlǐ) - A very common synonym, but typically used for everyday mechanical repairs of appliances and vehicles. |
| * [[修理]] (xiūlǐ) - To repair (especially machines). Can also mean "to punish" or "to teach a lesson." | * [[修]] (xiū) - The single-character root of `修复`. Used alone, it's a more colloquial term for a simple "fix." |
| * [[恢复]] (huīfù) - To recover, resume, restore. Focuses on returning to a state (e.g., [[恢复健康]] - recover health), while `修复` focuses on the action of repairing an object or system. | * [[恢复]] (huīfù) - To recover or resume. While `修复` fixes a damaged object, `恢复` is about a state or function returning to normal (e.g., `恢复健康` - to recover health; `恢复秩序` - to restore order). |
| * [[补]] (bǔ) - To patch, mend, supplement. Used for fixing small holes ([[补衣服]] - mend clothes) or making up for a deficit ([[补课]] - take a make-up class). | * [[重建]] (chóngjiàn) - To rebuild. This is used when something is completely destroyed and must be built again from scratch, whereas `修复` implies the original item is damaged but still exists. |
| * [[维修]] (wéixiū) - To maintain and repair. A formal term often used in business or official contexts for regular upkeep (e.g., 电梯**维修** - elevator maintenance). | * [[弥补]] (míbǔ) - To make up for; to compensate for. This is used for deficits, losses, or mistakes, not physical damage. (e.g., `弥补损失` - make up for a loss). |
| * [[改正]] (gǎizhèng) - To correct. Used exclusively for abstract things like errors, mistakes, or bad habits, not physical objects. | * [[修补]] (xiūbǔ) - To mend or to patch. This suggests a smaller-scale repair, like darning a sock or patching a small hole in a wall. It lacks the "full restoration" sense of `修复`. |
| * [[治疗]] (zhìliáo) - To treat, to cure. The medical equivalent of `修复`, used for illnesses and injuries. | * [[挽救]] (wǎnjiù) - To save or rescue. This implies a sense of urgency and preventing a total loss, such as `挽救生命` (save a life) or `挽救一个濒临破产的公司` (save a company on the brink of bankruptcy). |